In Germany, proof of sufficient German language skills is required by law in various legal and administrative procedures such as vocational training, employment, residence permits, family reunification or naturalisation.
Different language levels are required depending on the type of application. These language skills are divided into levels A1 to C2 according to the Common European Framework of Reference for Languages (CEFR) and certified accordingly. Which language level is recognised as sufficient depends on the purpose of the application. For example, family reunification usually requires level A1, residence and naturalisation applications B1, the recognition of professional qualifications B1 to B2, and academic studies usually proof at level C1.
German examinations generally recognised in Germany include in particular the Goethe-Zertifikat, telc Deutsch, ÖSD (Austrian German Language Diploma), TestDaF (Test of German as a Foreign Language), DSH (German Language Examination for University Entrance) and the DSD (German Language Diploma of the Standing Conference of the Ministers of Education). The recognition of these examinations depends on the examination standards applied, compliance with the guidelines of ALTE (Association of Language Testers in Europe) and the accreditation of the examination centre.
The Goethe certificates are offered at all CEFR levels from A1 to C2 and are recognised and widely used worldwide. They are used in particular for family reunification, residence titles and naturalisation procedures. The telc Deutsch examinations also cover the full range from A1 to C2 and additionally offer job-related examination formats (such as telc Deutsch B1·B2 Pflege for nursing), which are particularly relevant for professional recognition. Both examinations are widely accepted by German authorities.
The ÖSD, originally Austrian, is also recognised in Germany and is used in particular in migration and naturalisation procedures. These three examination formats are mainly used in procedures for family reunification, permanent settlement permits, naturalisation and professional recognition.
The TestDaF and DSH examinations are designed specifically for international applicants who want to study in Germany. A successfully completed test counts as proof of the language skills required for university admission. While the TestDaF is organised centrally and can be taken at many examination centres worldwide, the DSH is conducted and assessed exclusively by universities in Germany. Both examinations usually require a result at level C1.
The DSD examination is taken as part of German lessons at schools outside Germany and is aimed in particular at pupils who want to study in Germany. The DSD I corresponds to level B1, the DSD II to level B2 to C1, and it can be used as proof of language skills for university admission if the university concerned recognises it.
The validity of the language certificates to be submitted may be limited, depending on the requirements of the competent authorities or the applicable legislation. Particularly in residence law, it may be required that the language examination was taken within the last two years. It is therefore recommended to find out about the current requirements of the competent German authorities or the institution concerned before applying. In addition to the name of the examination, the recognition of the examination centre is also decisive. Examinations from unauthorised providers are generally not accepted.
In summary, when choosing a language certificate for various legal or academic procedures in Germany, particular attention should be paid to the type of examination, the language level tested, compliance with international examination standards and the period of validity of the certificate. Choosing the right examination format for the respective purpose and the competent institution is essential for a successful procedure.